Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and
has several types of government-approved community forestry schemes
that are implemented in both primary and secondary natural forest.
Indonesia also has high rates of forest loss (Abood et al., 2015) primarily
due to agricultural expansion. The area of large-scale industrial
plantation concessions has doubled since the early 2000s (Santika et al.,
2015; Gaveau et al., 2016b). Complicated forest tenure systems, unclear
legal status of customary land tenure, and vested interests from government
and the private sector have undermined efforts to curb high
deforestation rates (Brockhaus et al., 2011). This situation has led to the
land rights of smallholders and local communities to be largely ignored
by large-scale investors, with land-use conflicts being increasingly
prevalent (Obidzinski et al., 2012; Abram et al., 2016); a pattern that is
common in other tropical countries (e.g. De Oliveira 2008; Araujo et al.,
2009).
has several types of government-approved community forestry schemes
that are implemented in both primary and secondary natural forest.
Indonesia also has high rates of forest loss (Abood et al., 2015) primarily
due to agricultural expansion. The area of large-scale industrial
plantation concessions has doubled since the early 2000s (Santika et al.,
2015; Gaveau et al., 2016b). Complicated forest tenure systems, unclear
legal status of customary land tenure, and vested interests from government
and the private sector have undermined efforts to curb high
deforestation rates (Brockhaus et al., 2011). This situation has led to the
land rights of smallholders and local communities to be largely ignored
by large-scale investors, with land-use conflicts being increasingly
prevalent (Obidzinski et al., 2012; Abram et al., 2016); a pattern that is
common in other tropical countries (e.g. De Oliveira 2008; Araujo et al.,
2009).
